指数平滑与曲线拟合模型在沉降监测中的应用     

赵言  花向红 《测绘信息与工程》2010,35(5):44-46

通过分析建筑物沉降监测数据的特点,采用了指数平滑和曲线拟合模型对建筑物沉降监测数据进行处理,实现了两种数据处理模型的建模过程,并用于建筑物沉降量的实际预测,验证了模型的可行性。  相似文献   

Daily variability of river concentrations and fluxes: indicators based on the segmentation of the rating curve     

Michel Meybeck  Florentina Moatar 《水文研究》2012,26(8):1188-1207

The variability of water chemistry on a daily scale is rarely addressed due to the lack of records. Appropriate tools, such as typologies and dimensionless indicators, which permit comparisons between stations and between river materials, are missing. Such tools are developed here for daily concentrations (C), specific fluxes or yields (Y) and specific river flow (q). The data set includes 128 long‐term daily records, for suspended particulate matter (SPM), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved and total nutrients, totalling 1236 years of records. These 86 river basins (10³–10⁶ km²) cover a wide range of environmental conditions in semi‐arid and temperate regions. The segmentation—truncation of C–q rating curves into two parts at median flows (q₅₀) generates two exponents (b_50inf and b_50sup) that are different for 66% of the analysed rating curves. After segmentation, the analysis of records results in the definition of nine major C–q types combining concentrating, diluting or stable patterns, showing inflexions, chevron and U shapes. SPM and TDS are preferentially distributed among a few types, while dissolved and total nutrients are more widely distributed. Four dimensionless indicators of daily variability combine median (C₅₀, Y₅₀), extreme (C₉₉, Y₉₉) and flow‐weighted (C*, Y*) concentrations and yields (e.g. C₉₉/C₅₀, Y*/Y₅₀). They vary over two to four orders of magnitude in the analysed records, discriminating stations and river material. A second set of four indicators of relative variability [e.g. (Y*/Y₅₀)/(q*/q₅₀)], takes into account the daily flow variability, as expressed by q*/q₅₀ and q₉₉/q₅₀, which also vary over multiple orders of magnitude. The truncated exponent b_50sup is used to describe fluxes at higher flows accounting for 75% (TDS) to 97% (SPM) of interannual fluxes. It ranges from ? 0·61 to + 1·86 in the database. It can be regarded as the key amplificator (positive b_50sup) or reductor (negative b_50sup) of concentrations or yields variability. C₅₀, Y₅₀, b_50sup can also be estimated in discrete surveys, which provides a new perspective for quantifying and mapping water quality variability at daily scale. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Derivation of a curve number and kinematic-wave based flood frequency distribution     

R. S. KUROTHE  N. K. GOEL  B. S. MATHUR 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(4):571-584

Abstract

The physically-based flood frequency models use readily available rainfall data and catchment characteristics to derive the flood frequency distribution. In the present study, a new physically-based flood frequency distribution has been developed. This model uses bivariate exponential distribution for rainfall intensity and duration, and the Soil Conservation Service-Curve Number (SCS-CN) method for deriving the probability density function (pdf) of effective rainfall. The effective rainfall-runoff model is based on kinematic-wave theory. The results of application of this derived model to three Indian basins indicate that the model is a useful alternative for estimating flood flow quantiles at ungauged sites.  相似文献   

基于非等时距数据序列的高层建筑沉降预测   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

单瑞  独知行  刘焱雄 《测绘科学》2010,35(3):100-102

将泊松曲线引入到高层建筑的沉降预测分析中。采用牛顿插值平均法将非等时距数据转化成等时距数据,通过三段计算法求解模型系数,并结合高层建筑沉降监测工程实例计算分析,结果表明:泊松曲线预测与实际沉降数据吻合较好,拟合曲线精度较高,预测效果明显好于传统的双曲线法和指数曲线法,具有较高的实际应用价值。  相似文献   

Impact of soil and water conservation measures on catchment hydrological response—a case in north Ethiopia     

Jan Nyssen  Wim Clymans  Katrien Descheemaeker  Jean Poesen  Ine Vandecasteele  Matthias Vanmaercke  Amanuel Zenebe  Marc Van Camp  Mitiku Haile  Nigussie Haregeweyn  Jan Moeyersons  Kristine Martens  Tesfamichael Gebreyohannes  Jozef Deckers  Kristine Walraevens 《水文研究》2010,24(13):1880-1895

Impact studies of catchment management in the developing world rarely include detailed hydrological components. Here, changes in the hydrological response of a 200‐ha catchment in north Ethiopia are investigated. The management included various soil and water conservation measures such as the construction of dry masonry stone bunds and check dams, the abandonment of post‐harvest grazing, and the establishment of woody vegetation. Measurements at the catchment outlet indicated a runoff depth of 5 mm or a runoff coefficient (RC) of 1·6% in the rainy season of 2006. Combined with runoff measurements at plot scale, this allowed calculating the runoff curve number (CN) for various land uses and land management techniques. The pre‐implementation runoff depth was then predicted using the CN values and a ponding adjustment factor, representing the abstraction of runoff induced by the 242 check dams in gullies. Using the 2006 rainfall depths, the runoff depth for the 2000 land management situation was predicted to be 26·5 mm (RC = 8%), in line with current RCs of nearby catchments. Monitoring of the ground water level indicated a rise after catchment management. The yearly rise in water table after the onset of the rains (ΔT) relative to the water surplus (WS) over the same period increased between 2002–2003 (ΔT/WS = 3·4) and 2006 (ΔT/WS >11·1). Emerging wells and irrigation are other indicators for improved water supply in the managed catchment. Cropped fields in the gullies indicate that farmers are less frightened for the destructive effects of flash floods. Due to increased soil water content, the crop growing period is prolonged. It can be concluded that this catchment management has resulted in a higher infiltration rate and a reduction of direct runoff volume by 81% which has had a positive influence on the catchment water balance. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Predicting the dependency of a degree of saturation on void ratio and suction using effective stress principle for unsaturated soils     

David Mašín 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2010,34(1):73-90

The paper presents an approach to predicting variation of a degree of saturation in unsaturated soils with void ratio and suction. The approach is based on the effective stress principle for unsaturated soils and several underlying assumptions. It focuses on the main drying and wetting processes and does not incorporate the effects of hydraulic hysteresis. It leads to the dependency of water retention curve (WRC) on void ratio, which does not require any material parameters apart from the parameters specifying WRC for the reference void ratio. Its validity is demonstrated by comparing predictions with the experimental data on four different soils taken over from the literature. Good correlation between the measured and predicted behaviour indirectly supports applicability of the effective stress principle for unsaturated soils. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A meshfree method for fully coupled analysis of flow and deformation in unsaturated porous media     

A. Khoshghalb  N. Khalili 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2013,37(7):716-743

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Using modified state surface approach to select parameter values in the Barcelona basic model     

Xiong Zhang  Ming Xiao 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2013,37(12):1847-1866

The Barcelona basic model (BBM) successfully explained many key features of unsaturated soils and received extensive acceptance. It is also one of the few elastoplastic constitutive models for unsaturated soils that have been implemented within finite element codes and applied to the analysis of real boundary value problems. The BBM was proposed in incremental forms according to theories of soil plasticity in which individual aspects of the isotropic virgin behavior are controlled by multiple parameters, whereas at the same time, a single parameter controls more than one aspect of soil behavior. Although a variety of methods have been recently developed for calibrating model parameters for elastoplastic soil models, at present, there are no well‐established, simple, and objective methods for selecting parameter values in the BBM from laboratory tests. This has been one of the major obstacles to the dissemination of this constitutive model beyond the research context. This article presents an optimization approach especially developed for simple and objective identification of material parameters in the BBM. This is achieved by combining a modified state surface approach, recently proposed to model the elastoplastic behavior of unsaturated soils under isotropic stress conditions, with the Newton or quasi‐Newton method to simultaneously determine the five parameters governing isotropic virgin behavior in the BBM. The comparison between results using the proposed method and an existing method for the same laboratory tests was discussed from which the simplicity and objectivity of the proposed method were evaluated. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

An interconnect width and spacing optimization model considering scattering effect     

朱樟明  万达经  杨银堂 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(9)

As the feature size of the CMOS integrated circuit continues to shrink, the more and more serious scattering effect has a serious impact on interconnection performance, such as delay and bandwidth. Based on the impact of the scattering effect on latency and bandwidth, this paper first presents the quality-factor model which optimises latency and bandwidth effectively with the consideration of the scattering effect. Then we obtain the analytical model of line width and spacing with application of curve-fitting method. The proposed model has been verified and compared based on the nano-scale CMOS technology. This optimisation model algorithm is simple and can be applied to the interconnection system optimal design of nano-scale integrated circuits.  相似文献   

自然伽马测井在水文地质孔填砾中的应用     

王新杰  王昀  郝文杰  吕中虎 《物探化探计算技术》2019,(2):279-284

填砾是水文地质勘探孔成井的一个关键工艺,该工艺的一个难点就是填砾过程的深度测量,因无法及时判断填砾面位置及填砾过程中出现的"悬空"现象,导致勘探孔无法止水分层或报废,特别是在细颗粒含水层区成井,因填砾失败导致井报废的实例很多。通过自然伽马测井利用裸孔和填砾前、后的曲线对比,可以测量填砾面位置,解决了填砾过程中砾面深度测量的困难;可以发现填砾成井过程中产生的不利现象,为成井采取补救措施提供信息帮助,有利于保证成井质量。  相似文献